1. Purpose of a Substation Control Room

• Centralized monitoring of all substation equipment

• Protection & control of power system operations

• Data acquisition (SCADA, alarms, event logging)

• Human-machine interface (HMI) for operators

2. Key Components

3. Design Considerations

A) Physical Layout

• Control Room vs. Relay Room Separation (IEC 61850 recommendation)

• Equipment Arrangement:

• Operator consoles facing mimic panel

• Relay panels along walls

• Clear maintenance aisles (min. 1m width)

B) Environmental

• Temperature: 20±2°C (critical for relay stability)

• Humidity: 40-60% RH (prevents condensation)

• EMI Shielding: For high-voltage substations

C) Ergonomics

• 24/7 operator visibility to mimic board

• Anti-glare lighting (300-500 lux)

• Noise levels <45 dB

4. Protection & Control Systems

5. Communication Architecture

mermaid复制

graph TD
    A[IEDs] -->|IEC 61850-9-2| B(Merging Unit)
    B -->|SV| C(Protection Relay)
    C -->|GOOSE| D[Circuit Breaker]
    A -->|DNP3| E[SCADA Server]
    E --> F[Control Room HMI]

6. Testing & Commissioning

1. Relay Functional Tests

• Secondary injection (verify trip logic)

• End-to-end testing with circuit breakers

2. SCADA Verification

• Point-to-point checks (90% of control room issues originate here)

• Alarm sequence testing

3. UPS Validation

• 8-hour battery backup test

• Transfer to diesel generator

7. Security Requirements

• Physical: Biometric access, CCTV (IEEE 1402)

• Cyber:

• Firewalls between OT/IT networks

• IEC 62351 compliance for encryption

8. Modern Trends

• Digital Control Rooms: AR/VR interfaces

• Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs): 60+ samples/sec monitoring

• AI Applications:

• Anomaly detection in relay targets

• Predictive maintenance alerts

9. Common Design Mistakes to Avoid

• Inadequate space for future expansion

• Poor cable management (cause of 40% of faults)

• Ignoring human factors (operator fatigue)

Best Practice: Implement modular control cubicles for easy upgrades to IEC 61850 systems.

The above content is published by demiks, please specify, demiks is a substation equipment manufacturer, specializing in the production of high-voltage tester, transformer tester, circuit breaker test equipment, relay tester, SF6 gas analyser, cable fault tester and other products, if you have power test testing needs, please feel free to contact demiks power science and technology limited company or send an email! Give us: contact@demikspower.com